Types

Luz is dynamically typed. Every value has a runtime type that is checked when the value is used.

Primitive types

Type	Example	Notes
int	42, -7, 0	Whole numbers, arbitrary size
float	3.14, -0.5, .5	Decimal numbers (IEEE 754)
string	"hello"	Double-quoted, immutable
bool	true, false	Lowercase literals
null	null	Represents the absence of a value

Collection types

Type	Example	Notes
list	[1, "two", 3.0]	Ordered, mixed types allowed
dict	{"key": value}	String or number keys

Type inspection

Use typeof() to get the type name as a string:

write(typeof(42))        # int
write(typeof(3.14))      # float
write(typeof("hello"))   # string
write(typeof(true))      # bool
write(typeof(null))      # null
write(typeof([1, 2]))    # list
write(typeof({"a": 1}))  # dict

For objects, typeof() returns the class name:

class Dog { }
d = Dog()
write(typeof(d))   # Dog

Escape sequences in strings

Sequence	Result
\n	Newline
\t	Horizontal tab
\r	Carriage return
\\	Literal backslash
\"	Literal double quote

write("line one\nline two")
write("column1\tcolumn2")
write("She said \"hello\"")

Type casting

Use the built-in cast functions to convert between types:

Function	Description
to_int(v)	Convert to integer (truncates floats)
to_float(v)	Convert to float
to_str(v)	Convert to string
to_bool(v)	Convert to boolean
to_num(v)	Convert to int or float (auto-detects from string)

write(to_int(3.9))      # 3
write(to_float("2.5"))  # 2.5
write(to_str(42))       # "42"
write(to_bool(0))       # false
write(to_num("10"))     # 10
write(to_num("3.14"))   # 3.14

If the conversion fails, a CastFault is raised:

attempt {
    x = to_int("abc")
} rescue (e) {
    write(e)   # CastFault: cannot convert "abc" to int
}